ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the clinical diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of serum gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (ProGRP) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients.Methods A total of 4032 patients were admitted to a hospital from March 2015 to August 2017, determining serum ProGRP concentrations of 144 patients with small cell lung cancer, 1618 patients with the non-small cell lung tumor group, 42 patients with benign lung tumors, 231 with extrapulmonary malignant tumors, 275 with extrapulmonary benign disease, 1, 402 with benign lung disease, and 320 healthy patients.Analysis and evaluation of ProGRP values before and after treatment in patients with SCLC changes and the correlation of tumor size.Results Serum ProGRP levels in small cell lung cancer group were higher than those in each group.U test shows P＜0.05 in each group.U test shows P＜0.05 in patients with renal failure and healthy controls;prolonged ProGRP values in patients with small cell lung cancer were higher than the limited period.U test shows P＜0.05.Serum ProGRP U-test shows P＜0.05 between before and after treatment in small cell lung cancer progression and remission groups.Serum ProGRP U-test shows P＞0.05 between before and after treatment in small cell lung cancer stable group.Serum ProGRP concentration and tumor mass in small cell lung cancer The size is consistent.Compared with healthy control group, the lung non-small cell tumor group, lung benign tumor group, extrapulmonary malignant tumor group, intrapulmonary benign disease group conduct U test, showing P＞0.05.Conclusion Serum ProGRP is a specific tumor marker of SCLC without the interference of renal failure.It can be used as an auxiliary basis for SCLC staging, monitoring prognosis, and evaluating clinical efficacy of important indicators.
ABSTRACT
The immune microenvironment plays an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The infiltrating immune cells and the produced inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment regulate the growth, proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer. In this article, the roles and related mechanisms of nonspecific immune microenvironment in breast cancer are summarized, focusing on the natural killer cells, dendritic cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells, tumor associated macrophages, interleukins, chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β and so on.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Allergy and Immunology , Chemokines , Allergy and Immunology , Dendritic Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Macrophages , Allergy and Immunology , Research , Tumor Microenvironment , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Fibromyalgia syndrome after comprehensive treatment of breast cancer is rare and seldom reported. Here we present a case of a 50-year-old female patient,who was admitted to the hospital because of generalized fibromyalgia for 3 months and brain metastasis after the right breast carcinoma surgery for 1 month, and the clinical diagnosis was brain metastasis from breast carcinoma combined with fibromyalgia syndrome. The fibromyalgia were relieved with proper symptomatic treatment but the patient eventually died of tumor progression.